William k



Patented Nov. 2

ll, 1e22,

WILLIAM R. SEIGLE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF MODIFYIN G OILS AND THE PRODUCT THEREOF.

No Drawing.

, To all whom it Application filed June 28, 1920. Serial No. 392,375.

may concern:

Be it knoyvn that I, WILLIAM R. Salem,

a citizen of and resident of New York and St invented new and he UnitedStates of America, New York, in the'county of ate of New York, haveuseful Improvements in Methods of Modifying Oils and-the ProductThereof, of specification.

y invention ifying oils which merization and of positions of oils,

which the following is a consists-of a method of modare susceptible ofpolypreparing various com-- modified by the method,

with bituminous, asphaltic, or resinous materials capable of solution in-the oils, and

of the products and compositions of matter.

I so

which result from the employment of the method. The object of myinvention is to produce a substance of oily character,

thickened or harde permanent constitution, be-

ned, which shall possess ncapable of change by oxidation at ordinarilyen"- countered temperatures, effective as a binder or lmpregnant offibrous structures suchas leather, paper,

tional or adhesive qualit lend itself of b' stances which mill board,felt, textiles, or blocks or bodies, and which shall suitably to thepurpose,

impregnated materials fricies, and which shall also to modification byaddition 1t-uminous, asphaltic' or resinous subspecially qualify characteristicsof the compositionfor special purposes, as'by lending itadhesiveness, or

modif ing face 0 nated or coated wit the frictional aracter of the bodcoeflicient and sury which is impregcomposition.

my invention conh the sists in the oily base-material or composion andthe method of making it; this composition may be used without' furthermodification for various purposes, such as the impregnation of porousSecondarily, and in its s my invention is characterized by themodification of the Oll therewith of 0th the utilities which matter isadapted t y base er substances which are to a substantial extent solublymiscible with the.o ily material particular object which-will serve asby incorporation which the base is made. which I have in view a specialillustration of my new composition of o serve, is the impregnamaterialssuch as rubber,

the physicalor bibulous bodies.

tion of friction-materials, such as brakeblocks and'linings, the bodiesof which are composed of textile or felted materials, usually ofasbestos fibre in wholeor in large part. For many years it has been thepracticeto impregnate blocks, linings, or bands of asbestos materialwith cementitious oil, usually linseed oil; and to harden and thickenthis impregnant by oxidation or heat or both. The urpose and effect ofsuch impregnation has een, and is, to introduce a binding or solidifyingmaterial by incorporation with the friction surface suitable to thefunctions of a brake or clutch. Oxidation of a drying oil in thesesituations is made to penetrate as deeply as possible into the bodyof-the friction-material, but since oxidation forms a varnish-like film,the modified character of the surface portions of the impregnant alwaysoperates to protect interior parts, and opposes the progress ofoxidation thereto; As a brake block, or the like, thus impregnated,Wears away in use, partially oxidized regions in the impregnant areexposed, and become chemically saturated with oxygen by contact with airand under the heat generated by friction. Nevertheless this piecemealmodification of the impregnant is by nomeans conducive to uniformityinfriction-coefiicient,.and if it be retarded or prevented the bindingefiect of the 1mpregnant on the fibres with which 1t 1s incorporated isinferior, and the frlctional becomesrapidly abraded and destroyed. Theoily material which I have "1nv ente d has this advantage,- that itsconstltutlon 1s NT oneness.

or with a drying fibres, and to produce a body made permanent, there issubstantially no further capacity inherent in it for molecu- "larsaturation by oxygen or other reagent;

binder of fibres,

body renders it resistant to abrasion to a pronounced degree.

he drying oils have a molecular structure which is initiallyunsaturated, the

phenomenon known as drying is the saturation of the molecules by unionof free bonds with oxygen. As is well known, saturation of ,oils may beaccomplished by union of the free bonds with hydrogen in the presence ofa catalyst, notably nickel. Some oils, for example, chinawood oil (tungoil) and. castor oil, are capable: of self-saturation or polymerizationwhen raised to a critical temperature. All these modes of molecularsaturation are accompanied by a physical thickening or hardening of theoil.

The final state of the oily base-material is complete, or substantiallycomplete, -moture' and the distribution of heat to all parts of the oil.The physical change which marks its polymerization is a thickening orhardening of the oil.

he requisite temperature for this transformation without undersirableconsumption of time is not far from 300 (1., and if the oil, is not tosuffer molecular disintegration, the application of heat should begradual, and carefully guarded against rise of 'tem-. perature to thedanger-point. Therefore, a more practical method of producin molecularsaturation in the oil which I ave invented will be as follows:

Subject tung oil to catalytic hydrogena tion until its iodine number hasfallen to between 120' and 130. At this degree ofpartialhydrogen-saturation, the oil will remain-sufficiently fluid at atemperature from 120 to 130 (3., to saturate readily a porous orinterstitial body, such as a felted asbestos fibre block or mill board,and if the object '-be the impregnation of such a body, heat thepartially hydrogenated tung oil to from 120 to 130 (3., and impregnatethe porous or bibulous body with it.

The oil, thus partially molecularl vsaturated by hydrogenation, willcomp ete its molecular saturation, or satisfaction required for equallyrapid free-bonds, by polymerization, ata temperature of 240 C., which issubstantially lower than the temperature of polymerization of the oil inits original state, and does not endanger the molecular integrity of theoil. In mass, the oilproduct is an elastic jelly-like substance.sllghtly sticky or adhesive. I

But, while the oil-product above described may be used for variouspurposes without may vary from one to ten per cent the oil at 130 C. isThe temperature of self material, alone.

the surface,

further modification, .it is preferable to .'ve the oil specialtreatment in order to a the final product more perfectly to speclalpurposes.

If, for instance, the oil-composition is to apt be used as animpregnant'for brake shoes or linings, I add to the partiallyhydrogenated tung'-oil-above described-a hard asphalt, such as gilsoniteor grahamite, in prortions which are in the maximum which will go intosolution in the oil. An excess of this maximum may do no harm, but onthe'other hand is not believed to be of any benefit or advantage. Ifgilsonite be employed, the proportions on the the oil. The maximumsoluble in about twenty per cent. Thenfheat the partially hydrogenatedoil weight of -with its content of gilsonite to about 130 0., impregnatethe porous body, such. as a felted asbestos sheet, with the oilcomposlsubject to variation with tion, ,and then heat the oilcompositionin situ to about 240 0., maintaining this temperature forseveral .minutes, or for a time long enough to effect substantlallycomplete molecular self-saturation, as determined by the iodine test.

When the oil-gilsonite composition is heated and polymerized by itself,it thickens to a rubbery mass, which is elastic and not so tacky orsticky as the polymerized o1l alone. The gilsonite modifies the"physical constitution of the oil-product so that a brake liningimpregnated with it offers a frictional surface which is harder and morewith the polymerized oil The uni ormity and per.- manency ofconstitution of this impregna'nt ensures uniformity in the friction surfwears away.

- If the impregnated body be heated in cone oil-com osition will betactwith air, th come molecularly saturate by oxidatlon at film of oxidizedoil will be formed. This-at once serves, to enclose the inner portionsof the oil-composition and protect'them'from the action of oxygen; theassumption by the 'oil composition of the critical temperature forpolymerization presently brings about the final and permanentsaturation-change.

The base-material is adapted to modification by other asphaltic, pitchy,bituminous, or resinous materials, provided these are solubly misciblein the oil from which the base material is developed; and accordin toresistant to wear than a lining impregnated roduct or base- I ace andits coefiicient, as the brake lining body,

either in whole or in part, and a .7

not preliminarily scribed process, are made that above described, whichto produce a regulated sliding friction with a'brake member, and such astickier composition will result by adding about five per cent by Weighton the partially hydro ge'nated oil, of coal tar pitch, which dissolvesin the oil. saturation of the oil thus modified by polymerization at 240C. or thereabouts, 1the product will .be a sticky or'gummy je ly, which,when spread or rubbed into a driving belt, will greatly'increase theadhesion of-the belt to a pulley.

' The above described base material maybe specially adapted to amiscellany of uses by the empirical selection of hydrocarbons which,like sundry asphalts, bitumens, pitches, resins or gums, are solublymiscible in some proportion in the oil which is tobe thickened by;molecular saturation. These modifying substances, according to theirquality, vary the adhesiveness of the finally result ng compound.

The special adaptation of the oil hardening process above described tothe impregnation of porous or bibulous materials, the molecularsaturation of an oil, (whether or partially saturated) by heatpolymerization in situ after the oil has been absorbed into suchmaterials, and the modes of'making friction materials such as brake 0rclutch linings, with the. specific products thereof, by means of theabove dethe subject of description and claim in application for LettersPatent of the United States'filed by me concurrently herewith, andserially numbered 392,37 6.

I claim: v

1. The method of molecularly saturating a heat-polymerizable oil tosubstantial e ermanency ofconstitution which consists in partiallysaturating the free bonds of such an oil by union with anintroduced'reagent,

and thereafter substantially. completing the molecular saturation of theoil by polymeri-' zation under heat.

polymerization under heat.

2. The method of molecularly saturating a heat-polymerizable oil tosubstantial per.-

manency of constitution, which consists gin partially hydrogenating suchan oil, there-' y lowering the heat polymerization-temperature, andthereafter substantially completing the molecular saturation of the oilby polymerization under heat.

tung oil to substantial permanency of constitution,-which consists inpartially saturating the free bonds of the oil by union with anintroduced reagent, thereby lowering the heat-polymerizationtemperature, completing the molecular saturation of the oil by 4;. Themethod of molecularly saturating tung oil to substantial permanency ofconis adapted After completing the molecular tution, which consists inmolecular saturation ,the molecular saturation r merization'under heat.3. The method of molecularly saturating stitution, which consists inpartially hydro- ,genating the oil, thereby lowering itsheatpolymerization temperature, and thereafter substantially completingthe molecular satu- Iration of the oil by polymerization under eat.

5. The method of molecularly saturating .tung oil to substantialpermanency of conan introduced reagent, solid hydrocarbon soluandthereafter substantlally completing the molecular saturation of the oilby polymerization under heat.

7. The method of producing an oily composition of substantiallypermanent constitution, which consists in partially hydrogenating aheat-polymerizable oil, adding to saidoil a'solid hydrocarbon solublymiscible therein, and thereafter substantially completingthe molecularsaturation of the 011 by polymerization under heat.

of a heat-polymerizable' 8. The method of producing an oily compositionof substantially permanent constipartially hydrogenating tung oil,adding to said oil a solid hydrocarbon solubly miscible therein, andthereafter substantially completing the p of the oil by polymerization'under heat.

9. The method of producing an oily com position of substantiallypermanent constitution, which consists in partially. hydrogenatingtung'oi-l, adding to said oil ,an asphalt1c material solubly miscibletherein, and thereafter substantially completing the molecularsaturation of the oil by polymerization under heat. v

10. The method of producing an oily composition of substantiallypermanent constitution, which consists in partially hydrogenating tungoil, dissolving gilsonite in said oil, and thereafter substantiallycompleting of the oil by poly- 2. The composition of matter comprising.an oil, molecularly saturated in part by unionwith an introducedreagent, in the remainder by polymerization, and containmg a solidhydrocarbon solubly miscible in the oil.

13. The composit'on of matter, comprising tung oil, in part hydroen'ated in the 10 ing tung oil, in part hydrogenated, in the remainderpolymerized, an 'contamin 2. remainder polymerized. hard asphalt solublymiscible in said 0%. v 14. The composition of matter, compris- 16. Thecomposition of matter, compris- 5 ing tung oil, in part hydrogenated inthe ing tung oil in part hydrogenated, in the remainder pol%merized, andcontalning a remainder polymerized, containing gilsonite. 15 solidhydrocar on solubly miscible in said Signed by meat New York, N. Y. thisoil. 25th day of June 1920.

I '15. The composition of mm,- coinpris- WILLIAM R. SEIGLE.

